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Web Development · Semantic HTML and modern CSS

HTML & CSS

Learn semantic HTML and modern CSS to create accessible, responsive, and professional websites using structured content, layouts, components, media queries, and deployment workflows.

Move from HTML structure and CSS fundamentals to a complete Responsive Business Website with reusable styles, accessible forms, responsive navigation, and deployment-ready code.

Beginner 6 Weeks 10 Modules Online / Classroom Responsive Business Website Project
Explore curriculum → View capstone project

Course overview

HTML provides the structure and meaning of a web page, while CSS controls its visual presentation, layout, and responsive behavior. Together, they form the foundation of every website and web application.

This course introduces semantic HTML, document structure, links, images, lists, tables, forms, CSS selectors, colors, typography, spacing, Flexbox, CSS Grid, responsive design, accessibility, and basic deployment concepts.

The proposed capstone is a Responsive Business Website for a chosen approved business or service. The project covers semantic structure, responsive layout, accessible navigation, reusable CSS, forms, documentation, and deployment readiness.

A good website is not only visually appealing. It should use meaningful HTML, readable content, accessible navigation, responsive layouts, and CSS that is easy to maintain.

Prerequisites

This course is designed for beginners with basic computer and internet familiarity.

  • Basic computer knowledge.
  • Comfort using files, folders, and a web browser.
  • Basic understanding of websites and web pages.
  • No prior coding experience is required.
  • No prior HTML or CSS experience is required.
  • Visual Studio Code or a similar code editor is recommended.

Readiness activity

Open a website you use often. Identify its header, navigation, main content, images, links, forms, and footer.

Who can explore this course?

Beginners

Start web development

Learn how websites are structured and styled from scratch.

Students

Build a portfolio

Create responsive pages and a personal portfolio website.

Career changers

Enter web development

Develop practical frontend foundations for further learning.

Business owners

Understand websites

Learn how web pages, layouts, forms, and responsive design work.

What you will learn

  • Explain how HTML and CSS work together.
  • Create valid HTML documents and semantic page structure.
  • Use headings, paragraphs, links, lists, images, and tables.
  • Build accessible forms with labels and input types.
  • Apply CSS selectors, colors, typography, and spacing.
  • Use the box model, units, and positioning concepts.
  • Create layouts with Flexbox and CSS Grid.
  • Build responsive designs using media queries.
  • Use CSS variables and reusable style patterns.
  • Add transitions, hover effects, and simple animations.
  • Apply accessibility and SEO-friendly practices.
  • Organize, validate, and deploy a simple website.

Curriculum outline

The ten-module outline moves from HTML and CSS fundamentals to a complete Responsive Business Website. Exact deployment platform, design assets, and project brief should be confirmed before delivery.

01

Web fundamentals and HTML basics

Understand how websites work and create your first HTML document.

  • How the web works.
  • HTML document structure.
  • Elements, tags, and attributes.
  • Headings and paragraphs.
  • Links and navigation.
  • Semantic HTML concepts.

Practice: Create a simple HTML page with a heading, paragraph, image, and navigation link.

02

Development setup and project structure

Set up a web-development workflow and organize HTML, CSS, and asset files.

  • Code editor setup.
  • HTML boilerplate.
  • Linking CSS files.
  • Project folders and naming.
  • Browser developer tools.
  • Git and GitHub basics.

Practice: Create a project folder with HTML, CSS, and image files, then open it in a browser.

03

Semantic HTML and content structure

Build meaningful page structures that are easier to read, maintain, and access.

  • Header, nav, main, section, and footer.
  • Articles and aside content.
  • Lists and navigation menus.
  • Images, alt text, and captions.
  • Tables and accessible data presentation.
  • HTML validation.

Practice: Convert a non-semantic page into a semantic HTML structure.

04

CSS fundamentals and typography

Apply CSS to control color, text, spacing, and visual hierarchy.

  • CSS syntax and selectors.
  • Colors, backgrounds, and borders.
  • Typography and font properties.
  • Spacing with margin and padding.
  • CSS specificity and inheritance.
  • CSS variables.

Practice: Style a simple article page with readable typography, spacing, and color.

05

Box model and layout basics

Understand how elements are sized, spaced, and positioned on a web page.

  • Content, padding, border, and margin.
  • Width, height, and box-sizing.
  • Display properties.
  • Inline, block, and inline-block elements.
  • Positioning concepts.
  • Overflow and z-index basics.

Practice: Build a simple card layout and inspect its box model in developer tools.

06

Flexbox and responsive layouts

Use Flexbox to create flexible rows, columns, navigation, and component layouts.

  • Flex container and flex items.
  • Direction, alignment, and spacing.
  • Wrapping and flexible sizing.
  • Navigation and card layouts.
  • Responsive layout patterns.
  • Common Flexbox mistakes.

Practice: Create a responsive navigation bar and card grid using Flexbox.

07

CSS Grid and page layouts

Use CSS Grid to create structured two-dimensional page layouts.

  • Grid container and grid items.
  • Rows, columns, and gaps.
  • Grid areas and named layouts.
  • Responsive grid patterns.
  • Grid versus Flexbox.
  • Page-layout examples.

Practice: Build a responsive webpage layout with header, sidebar, main content, and footer.

08

Forms, accessibility, and media queries

Build usable forms and adapt layouts for different screen sizes.

  • Forms, labels, inputs, and buttons.
  • Input types and validation attributes.
  • Accessible form design.
  • Media queries and breakpoints.
  • Responsive images and typography.
  • Accessibility and contrast.

Practice: Create an accessible contact form and make a page responsive for mobile and desktop.

09

Visual polish and website quality

Improve the appearance, usability, performance, and maintainability of a website.

  • Hover states and transitions.
  • Simple CSS animations.
  • Shadows, gradients, and visual hierarchy.
  • Responsive testing.
  • CSS organization and naming.
  • Performance and image optimization concepts.

Practice: Add hover effects, transitions, and responsive polish to a website section.

10

Capstone delivery and deployment

Complete the Responsive Business Website project and prepare it for deployment.

  • Define website purpose and target audience.
  • Plan pages, sections, and navigation.
  • Build semantic HTML structure.
  • Create responsive CSS layouts.
  • Add accessible forms and content.
  • Test across screen sizes.
  • Prepare deployment-ready files.

Practice: Submit a complete Responsive Business Website with README, validated HTML, responsive design, and deployment instructions.

Practical exercise ideas

Complete these smaller activities before assembling the final Responsive Business Website project.

HTML

Personal profile page

Create a semantic profile page with headings, image, links, and lists.

CSS

Styled article page

Style a blog or article page with typography, spacing, and readable contrast.

Flexbox

Responsive navigation

Build a navigation bar that adapts for mobile and desktop screens.

CSS Grid

Card layout

Create a responsive grid of service, product, or portfolio cards.

Forms

Contact form

Build an accessible contact form with labels, input types, and validation attributes.

Responsive

Landing page

Build a mobile-friendly landing page using media queries and responsive layout patterns.

Suggested six-week learning plan

This is an illustrative learning sequence. Confirm the academy's official timetable, design assets, deployment platform, and assessment requirements before publishing.

Weekly focus and practical milestones
Week Focus Suggested milestone
01 HTML fundamentals Create a semantic personal profile page.
02 CSS fundamentals and box model Style an article page with readable typography.
03 Flexbox and components Build a responsive navigation and card layout.
04 CSS Grid and page layouts Create a responsive webpage layout.
05 Forms, accessibility, and media queries Add an accessible form and responsive breakpoints.
06 Capstone delivery Submit and present the Responsive Business Website.
Turn ideas into responsive web pages

Capstone project

Responsive Business Website

Build a complete Responsive Business Website for a chosen approved business or service. Possible examples include a local business, restaurant, fitness studio, educational institute, portfolio service, travel agency, or another suitable educational website.

Core project requirements

  • Define the business purpose, audience, and main pages.
  • Create a semantic HTML structure for each page.
  • Build a consistent header, navigation, and footer.
  • Create a responsive home page and at least two additional pages.
  • Use CSS variables for colors, fonts, and spacing.
  • Use Flexbox or CSS Grid for layouts.
  • Add responsive images with meaningful alt text.
  • Create an accessible contact or enquiry form.
  • Use media queries for mobile, tablet, and desktop layouts.
  • Test links, navigation, forms, and responsive behavior.
  • Provide a README with project purpose and deployment instructions.

Quality requirements

  • Use semantic HTML elements instead of unnecessary divs.
  • Use one `h1` per page and maintain a logical heading order.
  • Use meaningful link text and image alt text.
  • Ensure readable contrast and font sizes.
  • Use responsive units and layouts where appropriate.
  • Use only licensed, original, or properly attributed assets.
  • Keep CSS organized and avoid repeated styles.
  • Validate HTML and test in multiple screen sizes.
  • Use clear file and folder names.
  • Document the website purpose, pages, and deployment steps.

Responsive design means the website should remain usable and readable across mobile, tablet, and desktop screen sizes. Test navigation, text, images, and forms at different widths.

Suggested project structure

Keep HTML pages, CSS files, images, and documentation organized for maintainability.

business-website/
├── index.php
├── about.php
├── services.php
├── contact.php
├── css/
│   ├── styles.css
│   └── responsive.css
├── images/
├── icons/
├── README.md
└── .gitignore

Do not upload private business information, personal contact details, or copyrighted images without appropriate permission.

Website development workflow

Website development is iterative. Content changes, design feedback, accessibility issues, and responsive testing may require revisiting HTML structure or CSS styles.

Plan

Define pages

Identify the audience, pages, sections, and main calls to action.

Structure

Create semantic HTML

Build meaningful page structure with headings, sections, and navigation.

Style

Apply CSS

Use typography, color, spacing, and layout styles to create visual hierarchy.

Layout

Make it responsive

Use Flexbox, Grid, and media queries for different screen sizes.

Test

Check usability

Test links, forms, contrast, keyboard navigation, and responsive behavior.

Deploy

Publish the website

Organize files, document the project, and prepare deployment instructions.

Semantic HTML helps browsers, search engines, and assistive technologies understand the purpose and structure of page content.

Tools and technologies

The exact tools and deployment platform may vary by delivery. The proposed toolkit focuses on practical frontend web development.

  • HTML5
  • CSS3
  • Semantic HTML
  • Flexbox
  • CSS Grid
  • Media queries
  • CSS variables
  • Google Fonts
  • Visual Studio Code
  • Browser developer tools
  • Git
  • GitHub

Supporting concepts

  • HTML elements, attributes, and document structure.
  • CSS selectors, specificity, and inheritance.
  • Box model, units, and positioning.
  • Responsive design and breakpoints.
  • Accessibility and readable contrast.
  • Website validation and deployment.

Learning outcomes

By completing the proposed lessons and exercises, aim to demonstrate the following abilities:

  • Explain HTML, CSS, and website structure.
  • Create valid and semantic HTML pages.
  • Use links, images, lists, tables, and forms.
  • Apply CSS typography, color, spacing, and layout.
  • Use Flexbox and CSS Grid for responsive layouts.
  • Create mobile-friendly designs with media queries.
  • Build accessible forms and navigation.
  • Use CSS variables and organized styles.
  • Test and improve website usability.
  • Build and document a Responsive Business Website.

These are learning objectives, not guarantees of employment, certification, placement, or a specific developer role. Progress depends on practice, design thinking, accessibility, and continued learning.

Related career interests

Illustrative directions for continued learning, not job or placement guarantees.

  • Junior HTML & CSS Developer
  • Frontend Developer Trainee
  • Web Designer Trainee
  • UI Developer Trainee
  • Technology Trainee
  • Associate Engineer
  • Support / Implementation Engineer

Portfolio presentation ideas

  • Explain the website purpose, audience, and pages.
  • Show semantic HTML structure and navigation.
  • Present responsive layouts across screen sizes.
  • Explain Flexbox or Grid layout decisions.
  • Demonstrate accessible forms and navigation.
  • Discuss testing, validation, and deployment.

Frequently asked questions

Who is this course for?

It is suitable for beginners, students, career changers, and business owners who want to learn how websites are built.

Do I need coding experience?

No. The course begins with HTML and CSS fundamentals and does not require prior programming experience.

Will the course cover responsive design?

Yes. It covers responsive layouts, media queries, responsive images, mobile navigation, and testing across screen sizes.

Will the course cover Flexbox and Grid?

Yes. It introduces Flexbox for one-dimensional layouts and CSS Grid for two-dimensional page layouts.

Will the course cover forms?

Yes. It covers accessible forms, labels, input types, validation attributes, and form styling.

What is the capstone project?

The proposed capstone is a Responsive Business Website covering semantic HTML, CSS layouts, responsive design, accessibility, forms, testing, and deployment readiness.

Do I need to learn JavaScript first?

No. HTML and CSS can be learned independently. JavaScript can be learned afterward to add interactivity.

How long is the course?

The supplied course information proposes a duration of six weeks. Confirm the academy's official schedule, tools, and assessment requirements.

Does this course guarantee a job?

No. The course can support practical learning and portfolio development, but it does not guarantee employment, placement, certification, or salary.

How do I enroll?

This page is a frontend course-information demonstration. Enrollment, payment, scheduling, and admission workflows are not implemented here.

Build accessible, responsive websites

Build your business website

Study semantic HTML, modern CSS, Flexbox, Grid, responsive design, accessibility, and deployment through a practical portfolio project.

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